MANIFESTAÇÕES FISIOPATOLÓGICAS EXTRAPULMONARES CAUSADAS PELA COVID-19 EM HUMANOS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15628/holos.2021.11496Palavras-chave:
Infecção, SARS-CoV-2, Odontologia, Órgãos.Resumo
O SARS-CoV-2 é o causador da COVID-19 e tornou-se a maior emergência de saúde pública do mundo. Inicialmente foi tratada como uma pneumonia, pois afetava os pulmões dos indivíduos infectados, contudo, com o avanço do conhecimento sobre a doença outras manifestações fisiopatológicas em órgãos distintos foram percebidas e à medida que os estudos avançam outras afecções são registradas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever as manifestações extrapulmonares da COVID-19, abordando diferentes locais como o sistema estomatognático, renal, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular e o nervoso. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE/pubmed, LILACS e no Google Scholar, utilizando os descritores: “Coronavirus Infections”, “Cardiovascular System”, “Oral Manifestations”, “Urinary Tract”, “Digestive System Abnormalities” e “Neurologic Manifestations”. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, a busca resultou em 31 artigos incluídos. Os estudos mostraram que a infecção das células humanas ocorre através da enzima conversora de angiotensina-2 (ECA-2), e essa é uma possível explicação para o fato desse vírus afetar os mais diversos sistemas. Após analisar os estudos, percebeu-se que o vírus pode provar complicações como arritmias, insuficiência cardíaca, ulcerações orais, proteinúria, disfunção renal, encefalopatia, AVC, síndrome de Guillan-Barré, diarreia, náuseas, vômitos, complicações hepáticas e pancreáticas. É necessário que a equipe de saúde esteja capacitada para perceber sinais e sintomas para além do trato respiratório, uma vez que podem ser graves e dessa forma garantir uma melhor assistência à saúde dos pacientes.
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